Describes the unicellular microorganisms of three billion years ago. Explains how these primitive cells gave rise to biochemical systems and the present oxygen-rich atmosphere. Numerous diagrams, charts, and illustrations. (MA)

Discusses the coevaluation of species within ecosystems. This process gives rise to interesting patterns in the total number of species found in a given area, in their relative abundances, and in the overall structure of the local food web. (Author/MA)

Discusses various possible ways by which isolated populations might differentiate into species. The interactions between ecological factors and genes with respect to evolution and the role of genetic polymorphisms and other genetics variation are also discussed. (HM)

Discusses the relationship of adaptation to natural selection. Since natural selection does not always lead to adaptation, defining adaptation is sometimes a difficult task. (MA)

Discussed is the biological succession of a lake beach to a hardwood climax forest. The narrative is illustrated with numerous full color photographs. (MA)

This paper looks in detail at the "natural" causes of extinction as compared to the "technological" causes of extermination (abrupt niche-emptying), using examples of species that are both extinct and exterminated. Ways are suggested that can put a halt to extermination. (BT)

Briefly surveys recent trends and developments in sedimentology. Includes Clastic sedimentary petrology, petrology of argillaceous rocks, terrigenous depositional environments, and chemical sedimentology. (MA)

A portable and inexpensive blowfly trap, constructed from flower pots/buckets and mesh, suitable for introductory studies in blowfly succession is described. Investigations that examine species composition over time and the differences between baits are discussed. (KR)

Discusses the nature and consequences of organisms' adaptation to new environments, including examples of adaptation and tolerance, aliens, adventives and invaders, vacant niches, arrival and fate of an adventure, hybridization with native organisms, and invasion without introduction by humans. (DS)