Reports on interviews in representative areas of Galicia, Spain, with both open-ended and standardized items on usage of the minority language (Galician) and the official language (Spanish). The findings revealed that upper age, low social status, and rural residence were associated with minority language choice, and that during adolescence,…

The report of a sociolinguistic study of language usage in Montreal describes the historical and current roles of French and English, discusses Montreal's current linguistic situation in terms of two sociolinguistic concepts (code switching and the speech community), and outlines a survey examination of language use in retail transactions. (MSE)

Argues that the substratum of non-English language and cultural patterns in the United States limits the extent to which English can effectively function as "a deep component of American experience and of American national awareness. Appears in "The Florida FL Reporter special anthology issue, "Linguistic-Cultural Differences and American…

The teacher should respect the language the child bringsto school and realize that all languages have social and regional dialects. Bidialectal and bilingual education should begin at the ages of two and three. Appears in "The Florida FL Reporter special anthology issue "Linguistic-Cultural Differences and American Education. (AMM)

Paper prepared with the support of the Defense Language Institute English Language School, Lackland Air Force Base, Texas under contract F41609-70-C0033, and delivered in 1970 to staff members of the DLIELS. (DS)

Revised form of papers published in various publications. (DS)

The Survey of Language Use and Language Teaching in Eastern Africa, founded in 1967 with headquarters in Nairobi, Kenya, covers Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania, Ethiopia, and Zambia. This article reports on the Survey's organization, methods, participants, achievements and goals. (FWB)

A brief reveiw of recent literature in France on bilingualism, or more properly, diglossia. In the context of a bi- or pluri-linguistic situation, dialectology, linguistic distribution of both speakers and systems, official and regional languages, and the problem of belonging to a linguistic community and ethnic identification are discussed. (AMH)

Failures are better documented than successes in bilingual education programs. A theory is needed powerful enough to predict success while accounting for reported failures. Most important is the effect of bilingualism on cognitive development. Use of the first language should complement the second, particularly in problem solving and question…

This paper discusses diverse sociolinguistic concepts such as borrowing, code-switching, bilingualism, and interference, and proposes a hypothesis concerning the progression of these linguistic developments in a contact situation and concerning the correlation of these developments with distinct phases of cultural assimilation. (Author/CLK)

Despite official moves to reduce the importance of English in India, it remains the pre-eminent language in government, education, publishing, and journalism. The article suggests a two-tier policy of co-existence between English and regional languages, since each is used for different purposes. (CHK)

This article describes problems faced by the individual in different diglossic conditions. It centers on the functional differentiation of the Finnish and Swedish languages in Sweden and the linguistic consequences for two originally Finnish-speaking groups. (CFM)

Story events were presented in Greek or English to 32 Greek-English bilingual children in grades 2 and 4. Children's recall 1-2 days later was organized more by story event (party versus breakfast) than by language. Cognitive processes that comprise bilingual memory, including encoding, storage, and retrieval strategies, are examined within the…

Approaches the linguistic setting of a European inner-city, an area with a long history of migration from a sociological and linguistic perspective. After a qualititative-heuristic approach and conversation analysis, presents a description of sociolingual conditions and the process of their transformation. (Author/VWL)