A study examined the production of lateral consonants in seven male university students bilingual in Spanish and Catalan who had studied French in elementary and secondary school. A questionnaire elicited information about the subjects' use of each language with parents, with friends, at home, and in school. Each subject then read a 775-word text…

A study investigated the use of questions and directives by bilingual children of variable relative proficiency in Spanish and English. Patterns in the use of each question and directive type were examined in relation to language proficiency and context of use. Qualitative characteristics of the questions and directives were analyzed. The subjects…

Bilingual education teachers need a clear understanding of the nature of language and language variation, and of how language relates to culture in order to be effective. With the needs of these teachers in mind, and drawing from anthropological linguistics and sociolinguistics, this chapter clarifies concepts of language and culture that have…

This research study focuses on two interrelated aspects of the development of bilingualism, the development of awareness of two separate linguistic systems and the occurence of interference phenomena. The research was conducted in a small town in East Central Illinois. The sample for the study included all the Mexican-American children enrolled in…

Interim results of the study conducted to determine the effectiveness of federally funded bilingual education projects are described. Objectives were (a) to determine the cognitive and affective impact of bilingual education on students in Spanish/English bilingual education projects funded through ESEA Title VII, (b) to describe the educational…

This study analyzes the language attitudes of the Paraguayan people toward their two languages, Guarani and Spanish. To study the bilingual situation in the South American country, a pilot survey was carried out in the capital city addressing the major topics of language attitudes, language usage, and language varieties. The goals of the survey…

Data from the 1976 Survey of Income and Education (SIE) were used to assess the role of language factors in the occupational and income attainment process of Hispanic men and women aged 25-64 in 1976. The SIE contained a relatively complete set of basic language-use questions designed to ascertain the mother tongue of adults, the usual language…

While language has been the chief factor cited as causing Chicano youth to score below the majority population on mental and educational measurement scales, other explanatory factors identified by researchers over the years include socio-economic status, residential area (urban/rural), ethnicity and culture. Citations for 253 studies, books,…

Because existing standardized college examination tests did not accurately measure the potential for learning of bilingual/bicultural populations, the Border Community College Consortium began in 1971 to develop two standardized tests to address the strengths and weaknesses of Mexican American students in writing, reading, and listening to the…

One hundred twenty first-grade Mexican-American students (60 from each Fort Worth and Laredo, Texas) were subjects of an experiment which attempted to determine whether bilingualism inhibits verbal ability in one or both of the children's languages. The PPVT-A (Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test, Form A) was used to test verbal ability and…

A handbook for use by curriculum supervisors, teachers, and administrators presents guidelines for the establishment, operation, and evaluation of foreign language programs in California. The first part outlines the state's legal provisions for foreign language study while the second section deals with sources of assistance in language programs.…

The purpose of this paper is to explore the attitudes of the Spanish-speaking people living in the United States as expressed in their prose, poetry, and drama. The scope of the paper includes the literature of Puerto Ricans, Cubans, and Mexican Americans in the United States written between 1960 and 1973. The literature is surveyed to uncover…

This content analysis schedule for the Colorado City Center to Aid Bilingual Education presents information on the history, funding, and scope of the project. Included are sociolinguistic process variables such as the native and dominant languages of students and their interaction. Information is provided on staff selection and the linguistic…

The primary objectives of the Mexican American Project at Sacramento State College are to prepare "agents of change" through the applied social sciences, to work within the culture of the schools, to increase the opportunities for the Mexican American learner, to further the concept of involvement of the Spanish-speaking community in the…

This collection of papers reports research on the effects of bilingual learning on the ability to speak two languages and the ability to acquire full literacy in both. There are 12 chapters in 4 parts. Part 1, "Background," includes (1) "Assessing the Effects of Bilingualism: A Background" (D. Kimbrough Oller and Barbara Zurer…