This study examines those factors that have contributed to the introduction and development of the teaching of English in the Philippine educational system. By virtue of its educational policy, the American colonial administration started using it as a medium of instruction. Optimism ran high among Filipino leaders, especially the nationalists,…

Identifies five recurring themes in the literature on bilingualism: role of language policy or planning activities in educational reform; concern with nurturing the mother tongue and facilitating transfer of skills across languages; importing a model versus a "cycle of discovery"; practical problems that impede implementation of…

Sixty grade four pupils of the Philippine Normal College Laboratory were involved in a study to determine the effect of language of material, type of material, and ability level on their reading comprehension. The materials were either unilingual English (E/E), unilingual Pilipino (P/P), or consisted of a text in English followed by questions in…