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When More Is Less: The Effect of a Third Language on a Second Language
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Forcelini, Jamile; Sunderman, Gretchen – Hispania, 2020
When bilinguals read in either their first language (L1) or their second language (L2), words from both languages are unconsciously and automatically activated in their mind (e.g., Kroll et al. 2006; Van Heuven and Dijkstra 2002). Many bilinguals, particularly in Florida, choose to learn Portuguese in college as a third language (L3), thus…
Descriptors: Native Language, Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction, Spanish
Concept Selection and Developmental Effects in Bilingual Speech Production
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Schwieter, John; Sunderman, Gretchen – Language Learning, 2009
The present study investigates the locus of language selection in less and more proficient language learners, specifically testing differential predictions of La Heij's (2005) concept selection model (CSM) and Kroll and Stewart's (1994) revised hierarchical model (RHM). Less and more proficient English dominant learners of Spanish participated in…
Descriptors: Speech Communication, English, Language Dominance, Bilingualism
First Language Activation during Second Language Lexical Processing: An Investigation of Lexical Form, Meaning, and Grammatical Class
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Sunderman, Gretchen; Kroll, Judith F. – Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 2006
This study places the predictions of the bilingual interactive activation model (Dijkstra & Van Heuven, 1998) and the revised hierarchical model (Kroll & Stewart, 1994) in the same context to investigate lexical processing in a second language (L2). The performances of two groups of native English speakers, one less proficient and the other more…
Descriptors: Cues, Translation, Second Language Learning, Interference (Language)