The small size and peripheral geographical location of the Gaelic speech community in the northwest of Scotland and the Hebrides are discussed as the two most important factors resulting in a lack of development in the concept and practice of bilingual education within the community's schools. (Author/HP)

The Chicano population in the Southwest is primarily bilingual. Chicano bilingualism persists amidst two opposing currents: language reinforcement through continuous contact with incoming Mexicans and isolation from other linguistic groups; and language shift, often the stronger current, from the permeation by the English language of all spheres…

A 121-citation annotated bibliography describes journal articles, books, and other documents regarding bilingualism and deafness in six sections: sociolinguistic aspects; linguistic aspects; psycholinguistic aspects; language acquisition; language policy and bilingual education; and language attitudes. (CB)

Focusing on the alternation of languages in a bilingual classroom, a conceptual framework is discussed that utilizes the teacher's communication competence. Language alternation on the part of the teacher and the student is an active process of negotiation, creating a high level of linguistic and social exchange. (SLD)

Identifies four types of bilingual education programs, those having transitional, monoliterate, partial, or full bilingualism as their objectives, and discusses the importance of societal information in deciding which type of program to establish. (FB)

Illustrates some of the difficulties inherent in bilingual education, including inadequate appraisal of matters such as ethnicity, cultural pluralism, and language maintenance and shift. The paper suggests that bilingual education and its implications must be considered in the broadest possible sociocultural perspectives. (Author/PJM)

This article contains a description of the Dual Proficiency (DP) program in an urban elementary school located in the heart of a large south-western city, as well as the teachers who designed and now implement DP, and the immigrant community participating by choice in DP. We write from a context where, ironically, the number of English language…

The issue of language dominance testing is explored with special attention to: (1) a history of language testing in the United States from 1943 to 1974, (2) methods presently utilized for the determination of language dominance, (3) problems encountered in language dominance testing, and (4) some specific research that has been carried out related…

An examination of seminal studies in sociolinguistics and bilingualism serves as a basis for setting the parameters for the language planning response to the Lau decision. The studies discussed are primarily those of W. E. Lambert and the Unesco report, "The Use of Vernacular Languages in Education..." (MS)

Revised form of papers published in various publications. (DS)

Discusses various sociological issues of bilingual education, including language and ethnicity, language planning, nonstandard versus standard, and language maintenance. Types of bilingual education are described. (EKN)

Failures are better documented than successes in bilingual education programs. A theory is needed powerful enough to predict success while accounting for reported failures. Most important is the effect of bilingualism on cognitive development. Use of the first language should complement the second, particularly in problem solving and question…

Test report on usefulness of model that utilized collaboration between a school and community in formulation of language policy and selection of bilingual education program. Model assessed sociolinguistic parameters of the community, identified maintenance or transfer status of Spanish, and evaluated degree of ethnic homogeneity between parents…

This report constitutes a synthesis of 10 years of research which was conducted to assist Ontario boards of education in implementing and evaluating French immersion programs in their jurisdictions. The immersion programs evaluated include three major alternatives: (1) the early total French immersion programs of the Carleton, Ottawa, and Toronto…

Current research is reviewed for implications for language proficiency assessment practices. Research is discussed concerning adult language proficiency testing, cognitive studies which attempt to conceptualize the construct of language proficiency, development of theoretical models of communicative competence, studies investigating the validity…