Mother-tongue or first language (L1)-based multilingual education programs are necessarily complex and may require a more nonlinear approach to program design. These programs operate within and act upon a range of psycholinguistic, sociolinguistic, and sociopolitical issues that include language structure and literacy assessment, language policy…

Describes a model of bilingual-bicultural education developed for the Karaja, an indigenous group in Brazil whose language had previously been unwritten. Factors of the literacy-based model's success include indigenous teachers; teacher-developed innovations and didactic materials for the bilingual classroom; and a team-teaching approach.…

In the rapidly changing political, economic, and social life of West Africa, there is a renewed interest in cultural identity. This book describes the developments and the difficulties experienced by different West African countries in the use of mother tongues in multi-lingual society. The book was commissioned to give scholars, educators, and…

This report summarizes the language background information and certain demographic characteristics of language minorities in the United States. The data were derived from the Survey of Languages, a pilot study of the non-English-language background population aged four and older sponsored by the National Center for Education Statistics as part of…

This content analysis schedule for the Bilingual Education Program of Providence, Rhode Island, presents information on the history, funding, and scope of the project. Included are sociolinguistic process variables such as the native and dominant languages of students and their interaction. Information is provided on staff selection and the…

This content analysis schedule for the Purtuguese Bilingual-Bicultural Project of Artesia, California, presents information on the history, funding, and scope of the project. Included are sociolinguistic process variables such as the native and dominant languages of students and their interaction. Information is provided on staff selection and the…

The following papers on Portuguese-American culture and education are included: (1) "Portuguese-American Folklore: An Alternative to the 'rancho folclorico,'" (2) "Creating Cultural Materials for the Portuguese Bilingual Classroom," (3) "Values and Ideology in the School Curriculum: A Case Study," (4) "Portuguese…

Thirty-five papers, all but one in French, presented at the conference on research in linguistics are presented here. Topics include: verb tenses in English; computerized text analysis program; study of specialized terminology; court translation in Canada; subject-verb agreement in English; bilingual editing; swearing with religious words;…