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Download full textCrawford, Michael; Marin, Sergio Venegas – World Bank, 2021
The World Bank's focus on foundational skills requires that issues of language and Language of Instruction be brought to the forefront of education policy discussions. Poor Language of Instruction policies harm learning, access, equity, cost-effectiveness, and inclusion. Yet nearly 37% of students in low- and middle-income countries are taught in…
Descriptors: International Organizations, Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction, Educational Policy
Roldan Tapia, Antonio Rafael – Online Submission, 2012
ELT (English language teaching) in Spain is witnessing the arrival of content and language integrated learning (CLIL) and English is changing from a goal-oriented school subject to a medium of instruction for content subjects. What is taking place in our system is influenced by what has previously happened elsewhere. Two research episodes have…
Descriptors: Curriculum Design, Bilingual Education, English (Second Language), Foreign Countries
