Preferences are influenced by the presence or absence of salient choice options, known as reference points. This behavioral tendency is traditionally attributed to the loss aversion and diminishing sensitivity assumptions of prospect theory. In contrast, some psychological research suggests that reference dependence is caused by attentional biases…

Reports on a survey of British television viewing. Results indicate that younger viewers are more likely to watch a higher proporation of programs containing violent material than older viewers. (JMF)

Argues that exploration is a constrained behavior category relative to play and provides an economic illustration of behavioral elements during exploration and play. (MP)

Explores differences between teachers' typifications of boys and of girls as pupils in nursery schools in Britain and summarizes teachers' commonsense theories of these sex differences. For journal availability, see EJ 222 605. (Author/DB)

Fails to replicate in Great Britain the results of a United States study showing "paranoid perception"--the association of lifelike television violence with the real world state of affairs. Raises doubts about the original (American) studies. (RL)

Reviews studies on occupational stress among teachers in British schools. Considers the prevalence of self-reported occupational stress, sources of stress, symptoms and effects, and coping actions. Argues that, in view of changes in education, further research is needed to provide updated information on which to base an understanding of teacher…

Examines the background to behavioral applications to children's learning. Provides a brief description of three approaches: task analysis, direct instruction, and precision teaching. Looks at assumptions of these approaches, their similarities, and their interrelationship during continuous assessment. Discusses the role of a behavioral approach…