The aim of this study is to develop a scale in order to determine the attitudes of students in secondary school towards etiquette. The working group of the study consisted of 266 students who have attended three secondary schools in Erzurum. Factor analysis has been carried out by the obtained data to ensure validity. As a result of the factor…

This paper investigates the speech act of refusal taking as a case study British responses to a salesperson's offer through the study of recordings of 109 conversations between the salesperson and a potential British customer. The data are analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively with the aim of finding the most frequent responses that denote…

Excessive workloads are a concern for teachers across the world. Overwork puts pressure not only on the physical and mental health of teachers, but also on their ability to provide quality education to their students. Nevertheless, many teachers struggle under the weight of excessive workloads, and have very little input in the top-down policies…

When a predominantly white organization decides to take on white normativity, it is cause for hope. However, havoc ensues when well-intended folks are caught enacting white normativity. Taking a performativity-inspired approach, this article analyzes what happened at the 2018 Religious Education Association annual meeting. By examining the…

There is a growing interest in the factors influencing bystanders' interventions in school-bullying. However, perceived social norms, beliefs about what others do (perceived descriptive norms), and what others think one should do (perceived injunctive norms) still require attention. The aim of this study was to investigate whether students…

Previous studies have noted the difficulties students have in understanding and adapting to professional workforce policies, especially mobile device usage and e-etiquette. This study focuses on determining how closely students and working professionals align in their perceptions of appropriate mobile phone usage during business meetings. After…

Many organisations declare that the ability for employees to speak out about organisational matters is important for organisational development. However, recent literature reports a widespread fear of retaliation among employees if they express themselves -- especially within the police. The point of departure of the present article is the tension…

This article examines Saudi female students' socialization process in mixed-gender interactions during their study abroad, focusing on how they negotiate culture-specific gender expectations of women's deference and modesty. Findings reveal that Saudi women's deference to maintaining an ideal image of Saudi womanhood makes shyness and fear of…

The present three-study investigation examined cultural influences on the internalization of social expectations. Testing the claim of self-determination theory that lesser internalization of social expectations is linked to socialization practices that portray social expectations as in conflict with autonomy, in Study 1 we undertook a content…

Young children often look to their teachers for affection and acceptance, particularly if they are sick or upset. However, many male primary teachers do not feel comfortable with this aspect of their role. Consequently, many men choose not to make physical contact with their students in order to protect themselves from accusations of inappropriate…

Much research has investigated how children relate to norms taught to them by adult authorities. Very few studies have investigated norms that arise out of children's own peer interactions. In two studies, we investigated how 5- and 7-year-old children teach, enforce, and understand rules that they either created themselves or were taught by an…

This article suggests that the secular norms which influence much of the Swedish school system silence the voices and experiences of young Muslims who also attend Islamic supplementary education. It is based on interviews with 20 Muslim students in Sweden who reflected on their experiences of attending supplementary Islamic education in parallel…

For decades, research summarizing educational outcomes has indicated significant disparities, which continue to impact the academic achievement and wellbeing of Black students in Ontario. These concerns are further amplified due to the lack of disaggregated educational data, making it difficult to outline and address disparities for specific…

The theory of planned behavior (TPB) has been employed as a theoretical framework that predicts and explains an individual's intention to engage in a certain behavior. The TPB postulates that an individual's behavior is influenced by behavioral intentions, and behavioral intentions are caused by three distinct factors: attitude toward behavior,…

This study investigated factors influencing teachers' intention and willingness to teach about cancer in the context of the theory of planned behaviour. Because teaching about cancer is mandatory in Germany, we compared n=355 teachers' intention to teach about cancer under mandatory conditions and their willingness to teach about cancer if they…