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No Association between the 2D:4D Fetal Testosterone Marker and Multidimensional Attentional Abilities in Children with ADHD
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Lemiere, Jurgen; Boets, Bart; Danckaerts, Marina – Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 2010
Aim: It has been suggested that high levels of prenatal testosterone exposure are implied in the aetiology of attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This study examined the association between the ratio of the length of the second and fourth digits (2D:4D ratio), a marker of fetal testosterone exposure, and the presence of ADHD-related…
Descriptors: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Children, Prenatal Influences, Etiology
Pre- and Peri-Natal Environmental Risks for Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): The Potential Role of Epigenetic Processes in Mediating Susceptibility
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Mill, Jonathan; Petronis, Arturas – Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2008
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common childhood neurobehavioural disorder defined by symptoms of developmentally inappropriate inattention, impulsivity and hyperactivity. As is the norm for most psychiatric phenotypes, traditional aetiological studies have focused primarily on the interplay between genetic and environmental…
Descriptors: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Child Behavior, Behavior Problems, Environmental Influences
The Dopamine Receptor D4 7-Repeat Allele and Prenatal Smoking in ADHD-Affected Children and Their Unaffected Siblings: No Gene-Environment Interaction
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Altink, Marieke E.; Arias-Vasquez, Alejandro; Franke, Barbara; Slaats-Willemse, Dorine I. E.; Buschgens, Cathelijne J. M.; Rommelse, Nanda N. J.; Fliers, Ellen A.; Anney, Richard; Brookes, Keeley-Joanne; Chen, Wai; Gill, Michael; Mulligan, Aisling; Sonuga-Barke, Edmund; Thompson, Margaret; Sergeant, Joseph A.; Faraone, Stephen V.; Asherson, Philip; Buitelaar, Jan K. – Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2008
Background: The dopamine receptor D4 ("DRD4") 7-repeat allele and maternal smoking during pregnancy are both considered as risk factors in the aetiology of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), but few studies have been conducted on their interactive effects in causing ADHD. The purpose of this study is to examine the gene by…
Descriptors: Siblings, Smoking, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Pregnancy
Elucidating Early Mechanisms of Developmental Psychopathology: The Case of Prenatal Smoking and Disruptive Behavior
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Wakschlag, Lauren S.; Leventhal, Bennett L.; Pine, Daniel S.; Pickett, Kate E.; Carter, Alice S. – Child Development, 2006
There is a robust association between prenatal smoking and disruptive behavior disorders, but little is known about the emergence of such behaviors in early development. The association of prenatal smoking and hypothesized behavioral precursors to disruptive behavior in toddlers (N=93) was tested. Exposed toddlers demonstrated atypical behavioral…
Descriptors: Cues, Developmental Psychology, Psychopathology, Prenatal Influences
Intervention for Individuals with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders: Treatment Approaches and Case Management
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Paley, Blair; O'Connor, Mary J. – Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews, 2009
Exposure to alcohol in utero is considered to be the leading cause of developmental disabilities of known etiology. The most severe consequence of such exposure, fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS), is characterized by a distinct constellation of characteristic facial anomalies, growth retardation, and central nervous system (CNS) dysfunction. Some…
Descriptors: Developmental Disabilities, Fetal Alcohol Syndrome, Etiology, Anatomy
Prenatal Smoking Exposure, Low Birth Weight, and Disruptive Behavior Disorders
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Nigg, Joel T.; Breslau, Naomi – Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 2007
Background: Prenatal problems are among theorized etiologies for child disruptive behavior problems. A key question concerns whether etiological contributors are shared across the broad range of disruptive psychopathology or are partially or largely distinct. Method: We examined prenatal smoking exposure and low birth weight as risk factors for…
Descriptors: Psychopathology, Behavior Problems, Smoking, Risk
Clearinghouse: Diagnostic Categories and Obstetric Complication Histories in Disturbed Children
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McNeil, Thomas F.; Wiegerink, Ronald – Exceptional Children, 1971
No significant differences in the obstetric complication measures were found among the various diagnostic groupings of 61 psychologically or behaviorally disturbed children, nor between any complication measures and any of the three disturbed behavior patterns identified (psychotic withdrawal, acting-out aggression, organic signs). (KW)
Descriptors: Behavior Patterns, Behavior Problems, Emotional Disturbances, Etiology
Behavior and Learning Difficulties in Children of Normal Intelligence Born to Alcoholic Mothers.
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Shaywitz, Sally E.; And Others – Journal of Pediatrics, 1980
Children referred to the Learning Disorders Unit of the Yale-New Haven Hospital were evaluated for indications of prenatal exposure to ethanol. Our results suggest a continuum of teratogenic effects of ethanol on the central nervous system. Journal availability The C. V. Mosby Co., 11830 Westline Industrial Dr., St. Louis, MO 63141. (Author)
Descriptors: Academic Failure, Alcoholism, Attention, Behavior Problems
Behavioral Aspects of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome. Mountain Plains Information Bulletin.
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Rice, Karen Stuut – 1992
This paper discusses the symptoms, causes, and diagnosis of fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) and fetal alcohol effects (FAE). It then presents information from biological and adopted parents of 14 individuals (ages 4-23 years) diagnosed with FAS or FAE, based on a parent survey concerning behavioral and educational histories of their children.…
Descriptors: Alcohol Abuse, Behavior Patterns, Behavior Problems, Classroom Environment