The article suggests that retarded behavior is maintained by certain events in the environment and their relationship to an individual's behavior. Maintenance of these behaviors is attributed to positive reinforcement, avoidance behavior, and contingency schedules. Several examples of the maintenance effects of each of these paradigms are given.…

Asserting that teacher attention is often overlooked as a positive intervention strategy, this article presents a general overview of teacher attention and its effectiveness in changing behavior. Practical suggestions for effective teacher approval are described, as is a principle called "pairing" which may be used for social reinforcement. (JC)

Teachers at two elementary schools conducted behavior modification projects in their classrooms to verify the existence of reciprocity between the amount of reinforcement given and the amount received. Their findings, following approximately four weeks, suggest that such a relationship exists. (Author)

Advantages of the system described include the minimal cost, the simplicity of operation and minimal training required, the change in classroom atmosphere from negative-defensive to positive-receptive, and the opportunity to teach arithmetic and money skills. (Authors)

The intent of this article was to investigate the issue of the use of behavior modification principles by average parents in modifying the occasional problems of average children. (Editor/RK)

Presenting a five-step positive reinforcement model for teachers and prospective teachers wishing to achieve a greater degree of self-management, this article includes discussions: selecting a goal; recording the quantity and circumstances of behavior; changing setting events; establishing effective consequences; and focusing on environmental…