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Download full textWaddington, Hugh; Snilstveit, Birte; Hombrados, Jorge; Vojtkova, Martina; Phillips, Daniel; Davies, Philip; White, Howard – Campbell Collaboration, 2014
Since the 1980s there has been a decline or stagnation in public expenditure on agriculture in most developing countries (Akroyd & Smith, 2007). Likewise, the proportion of official development assistance (ODA) going to agriculture is estimated to have declined from around 20 per cent in 1979 to a low of 3.7 per cent in 2006, and has remained…
Descriptors: Agricultural Education, Field Instruction, Adult Education, Agricultural Occupations
Peer reviewed
Direct linkWaddington, Hugh; Snilstveit, Birte; Hombrados, Jorge Garcia; Vojtkova, Martina; Anderson, Jock; White, Howard – Campbell Systematic Reviews, 2012
Farmer field schools (FFSs) originated in Asia as a means of achieving several objectives, of which key was to deliver training on 'integrated pest management' as an alternative to intensive pesticide spraying, which was severely damaging farm production, the environment and farmers' health. Integrated pest management (IPM) was developed in the…
Descriptors: Agricultural Education, Agricultural Production, Agricultural Occupations, Training
