The term "freethinking" originated in the 17th century to describe inquiry into beliefs which were accepted unquestioningly. Feminists such as Mary Wolstonecraft, abolitionists like Frederick Douglass, and novelists such as Mark Twain and Zora Neal Hurston are among the many who dared to simultaneously challenge religious dogma,…

This paper studies how Emerson's 'Self-Reliance' offers a meaningful account of political and moral self-education in Western democracies. Emerson's moral perfectionism involves an ethical, political and democratic individualism that needs to be reconsidered. This paper explores a perfectionist interpretation of the modern forms of self-education…

Purpose: In an era when engagement in public spaces and places is increasingly regulated and constrained, we argue for the use of literary analytic tools to enable younger generations to critically examine and reenvision everyday spatialities (Rogers, 2016; Rogers et al., 2015). The purpose of this paper is to consider how spatial analyses of…

How an author communicates with a reader is a central consideration in the critical examination of any text. When considering the communication of ideas from young people whose voices are seldom heard, the journey from author to audience has particular significance. The construction of children and young people as 'authors' is important,…

In this article, I describe how a curriculum of dislocation produces subjectivities offered in discourses that centre "First World"/Eurocentric/developed subject positions through nation state frameworks. I knit stories of colonialism and imperialism with my lived experiences as a former student in the postcolonial context of Colombia…

Baby Suggs's sermon in the clearing to formerly enslaved Black folx offers readers an important anecdote about living in the afterlife of white supremacy (Hartman, 2007; Sharpe, 2016). Baby Suggs seemed to understand that the priority for survival and emancipation was loving one's flesh in a world where "yonder they do not love your…

Julian of Norwich (1342-1416), was a Christian mystic whose writings, "Revelation of Love" and "A Book of Showings," are the earliest surviving texts in the English language written by a woman. The question that has puzzled scholars for centuries follows: How could a woman of her time express her vision in such innovative and…

Design and implementation of a collaborative course project, using Little Red Riding Hood (LRRH) to teach and discuss the concepts of orality, cultural legacy, archetypes, adaptation/appropriation, and social criticism in an Introduction to Literature course at Historically Black Alabama State University in Montgomery, Alabama. The student groups…

This article analyzes in the novel Balun Canan by Rosario Castellanos the pain caused by the persistence of neocolonialism in the Comitan region of Chiapas during President Cardenas's land reforms of the 1930s. In this work, the author lays bare personal wounds through the discourse of the variously gendered characters of a culturally mixed…

Although it angers feminist critics that Eliot did not deal with liberated females like herself, we still can learn much about the conditions of women from her novels. (JH)

Analyzes Gertrude Stein's approach to detective fiction through her text, "Subject Cases: The Background of a Detective Story." Argues that Stein's lesbianism raises a fear of homosexuality repressed in detective fiction. Concludes that Stein's readers may prefer her word play and opaque plot lines to any premature resolution. (SG)

Assesses American and French feminist theory. Considers several novels that reflect in varying ways their authors' ambivalence about appropriating the dominant (male) discourse and about what alternatives to this discourse may exist. (CMG)

Using Anais Nin as an example, the author describes the problem of the female writer as an agent of destruction. She is angered over the fact that women writers misdirected so much of their creative energy through fear of adopting any but the submissive, passive, feminine role. (Author/NL)

Notes that Black women writers of the 70s were writing about a new woman with a consistently heroic and articulate voice, and suggests that critics, especially feminist critics, should take note. Provides examples of characters from the works of Black women writers. (MKM)

The term androgyny, with its sex-related etymology, is based on untenable social stereotypes and for feminist critics is a dead end. The androgyny myth, like matriarchal myths and myths which deify women, should be replaced. However, a replacement would have to fill a wide niche in order to allow critics to focus from a propitious vantage point on…