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Peer reviewedEfland, Arthur – Journal of Research in Music Education, 1983
The impact of Pestalozzian methods on art and music education in the 19th century is examined. In both disciplines these methods departed from traditional rote methods through the use of exercises to measure space (drawing) and time (vocal music). Each developed differently because of social forces affecting their educational roles. (Author/IS)
Descriptors: Art Education, Art Expression, Comparative Education, Educational History
