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Download full textHeitzman, Andrew J. – 1968
The New York State Center for Migrant Studies conducted this 1968 study which investigated effects of token reinforcers on reading and arithmetic skills learnings of migrant primary school students during a 6-week summer school session. Students (Negro and Caucasian) received plastic tokens to reward skills learning responses. Tokens were traded…
Descriptors: Anglo Americans, Arithmetic, Blacks, Educational Psychology
Peer reviewedJensen, Arthur R.; Whang, Patricia A. – Contemporary Educational Psychology, 1994
Results of a comparison of 73 Anglo American and 155 Chinese American (CA) fourth through sixth graders on an intelligence test and measures of the speed and consistency of retrieval of arithmetic facts from long-term memory are consistent with the hypothesis that accessing elementary arithmetic knowledge is more completely automatized in CA…
Descriptors: Addition, Anglo Americans, Arithmetic, Chinese Americans
