Studies investigated the development of children's ability to differentiate what they see from what they know in the context of conceptual perspective taking. Two developmental levels accounted for children's performance when they were asked about a naive observer's knowledge of the identity of objects. Perspective awareness training improved…

Children, ages three, five, and seven, were asked to evaluate a series of children's drawings for their own likes and dislikes and for the likes and dislikes they imagined for individuals older and younger than themselves. Results suggest that children as young as three can judge drawings for others differently from the way they judge them for…

Twenty-two subjects (school-age children, their younger siblings, and their best friends) were observed in their homes while playing a popular board game. Five roles were operationalized and observed: teacher, learner, manager, managee, and playmate. (Author/RH)

Investigated relationship between young children's ability to predict another observer's interpretation of an ambiguous picture and to identify the source of a misinterpretation after it had occurred. Found that six-year-olds were more likely than four- and five-year-olds to predict that a puppet would misinterpret the target-restricted view and…

There is a moral panic in the US about youth civic engagement because data show decreasing rates of involvement in organized groups and with voting. There are multiple interpretations of what this means for democracy and about young people. One major reading is that interest in civic life is decreasing and this is seen to be related to…

A total of 120 children between four to eight years of age were administered four sets of visual perspective-taking tasks. Results supported the hypothesis that children's task competence would be a fraction of the number and type of spatial relationships embedded in the stimulus displays. (Author/MP)

Elementary school students (N=144) determined which set of pictures looked to them the way a set of blocks looked to a second observer from different perspectives. Results indicated that correct spatial judgments were facilitated when a landmark was present. (Author/DB)

Assesses whether a model of at least two levels of perspective-taking ability beyond egocentrism provides a more adequate account of the variance in subjects' responses across perspective-taking tasks. (Author/MP)

Reports results of a study of the development of perspective-taking skills of 180 English children aged six through ten. Children first are able to represent the object nearest the observer, then before-behind relationships, and subsequently left-right relationships between objects. Questions Piagetian conclusions that perspective-taking ability…

Thirty four- and five-year-old children were tested in a spatial perspective task employing a production format. It was found that the subjects' performance was affected by the position of the observer relative to the subject, as well as by the type of view the subject was required to generate. (MP)

The study focused on the question of whether the use of general persuasive strategies reflecting progressively higher levels of perspective-taking ability increases with age. (SB)

In one experiment, infants and children were accurate in their judgments about the knowledge of a baby, child, and adult. In two further experiments, children reported that an infant, child, or adult observer would be able to identify an object from an identifiable or nondescript part of the object. (BC)

Perspective-taking judgments among young adults, middle-aged, and elderly people were examined. In 1 condition, participants were instructed to judge the likelihood of acceptance of a painkiller as a function of 3 cues: severity of the condition, potential side effects, and level of trust in the health care provider. In the other condition,…

A total of 180 6-, 8-, and 10-year-old children participated in tasks employing an object array in which the views from the experimental positions were objectively of equal difficulty. (SB)

Concludes that there are reliable relationships between altruism and perceptual, social, and moral perspective taking. Results concerning the relationship between empathy and altruism are nonsignificant overall, but it is suggested that a reliable association between empathy and altruism develops over time and is found in adults. (Author/RH)