Compared were performances of 39 educable mentally retarded (EMR) Ss, mean chronological age (CA) 11 1/2 years, mean mental age (MA) 7 3/4 years; 25 fifth graders matched on CA; and 27 second graders matched on MA to determine whether children of different ages and IQ spontaneously demonstrate learning strategies after repeated practice with…

The effects of imagery on children's learning of verbal materials is reviewed. Paired associate learning is emphasized, with some discussion of recall, recognition, visual discrimination and prose learning. Visual versus verbal images, elaborated versus unelaborated stimuli, induced images, and physical manipulation of learning materials are…

Purpose of the study was to investigate those stable characteristics of children which allow some to learn more efficiently under some conditions and others to learn more efficiently under other conditions. (Author)

Tested children for recall of paired associates. Traditional measures of recall suggested that older children displayed better retention than younger children. But when data were reevaluated using a technique that statistically controlled for degree of learning, developmental differences in retention disappeared. (BC)

Results are reported of five studies of word meanings and associations of the deaf child. Subjects from two oral schools for the deaf and a group of normally hearing students were given a word association test. The generally higher same form class responses of subjects from oral school B were thought to reflect their language instruction which…

Results varied as a function of : (1) type of task (transfer, paired associate, or visual discrimination); (2) student age (kindergarten, first grade, or college); (3) stimuli size; and (4) number of response indicators. Research findings cannot be generalized from artificial orthographies to the English alphabet or from various aged subjects to…

In these studies, authors sought to examine the role of mode of presentation in a verbal learning task, within the context of age-grade differences in two social groups. (Authors/CB)

Study suggests that, rather than being less able to organize information, young children simply organize according to different criteria than adults. (Authors)

Presents a study of paired-associative learning involving a total of 80 preschool and second grade children. Four familiarization categories of pretraining were utilized; results are discussed in terms of the effects of pretraining conditions and age on paired-associative learning and their consistency with some developmental hypotheses and phase…

This study explored the developmental changes in children's effective utilization of verbal versus pictorial stimuli in forming connections between stimulus and response elements in a paired-associate task. A total of 112 children (56 males and 56 females), half of them 4-year-olds and half 8-year-olds, were tested under eight conditions involving…

In this study, the self-reported strategies of fifth, seventh, and ninth grade subjects used to learn a list of paired associates were correlated with actual learning performance to test the hypothesis that proficient learners are elaborators. (Author/SB)

Sixty kindergarten and sixty second grade children were administered a paired-associate (P-A) task. The subjects in each age group were randomly assigned to one of four groups: (1) experimental with aural presentation of the P-A's, (2) experimental with visual presentation of the P-A's, (3) control with aural presentation of the P-A's and (4)…

This annotated bibliography on memory is divided into 12 areas: information theory; proactive and retroactive interference and interpolated activities; set, subject strategies, and coding techniques; paired associate studies; simultaneous listening and memory span studies; rate and mode of stimulus presentation; rate and order of recall, and…

This study attempted to investigate the effects of school experience on performance on visual perception tests involving line figures and forms. The subjects were 120 first grade students selected from two public schools in the same community. The experiment involved an Experimental Treatments X Age X Time of Testing factorial design. All subjects…