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Download full textHoldgrafer, Gary E.; Dunst, Carl J. – 1991
A proposed model of communicative behavior suggests a series of seven progressively more complex levels of communicative competence: (1) behavior state; (2) recognitory; (3) contingency; (4) instrumental; (5) triadic; (6) verbal-contextual; and (7) verbal-decontextual. Tables define these levels in detail and list their characteristics. Each level…
Descriptors: Age Differences, Communication Skills, Developmental Stages, Foreign Countries
Holdgrafer, Gary E.; Dunst, Carl J. – 1989
A total of 36 normally developing children of 13-30 months of age were evenly divided into three age groups and observed while playing with their mothers. Their communicative behaviors were recorded according to intent and level. Intent was classified as comment, request, and reject; levels were nonverbal, verbal-contextual, and…
Descriptors: Age Differences, Communication (Thought Transfer), Context Effect, Foreign Countries
