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Eye Movement Patterns and Approximate Number Sense Task Performance in Williams Syndrome and Down Syndrome: A Developmental Perspective
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Van Herwegen, Jo; Ranzato, Erica; Karmiloff-Smith, Annette; Simms, Victoria – Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2019
It has been reported that approximate number sense (ANS) task performance is impaired in individuals with Williams syndrome (WS) and Down syndrome (DS). Research with infants has suggested this impairment is caused by sticky fixation in WS and sustained attention deficits for those with DS. This study examined looking patterns of older children…
Descriptors: Eye Movements, Down Syndrome, Congenital Impairments, Genetic Disorders
Attentional Set-Shifting in Fragile X Syndrome
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Van der Molen, M. J. W.; Van der Molen, M. W.; Ridderinkhof, K. R.; Hamel, B. C. J.; Curfs, L. M. G.; Ramakers, G. J. A. – Brain and Cognition, 2012
The ability to flexibly adapt to the changing demands of the environment is often reported as a core deficit in fragile X syndrome (FXS). However, the cognitive processes that determine this attentional set-shifting deficit remain elusive. The present study investigated attentional set-shifting ability in fragile X syndrome males with the…
Descriptors: Mental Age, Age, Down Syndrome, Scoring
Narrative Skill in Boys with Fragile X Syndrome with and without Autism Spectrum Disorder
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Estigarribia, Bruno; Martin, Gary E.; Roberts, Joanne E.; Spencer, Amy; Gucwa, Agnieszka; Sideris, John – Applied Psycholinguistics, 2011
We examined recalled narratives of boys with fragile X syndrome with autism spectrum disorder (FXS-ASD; N = 28) and without ASD (FXS-O; N = 29), and compared them to those of boys with Down syndrome (N = 33) and typically developing (TD) boys (N = 39). Narratives were scored for mentions of macrostructural story grammar elements (introduction,…
Descriptors: Story Grammar, Mental Age, Age, Syntax
A Cross-Syndrome Study of the Development of Holistic Face Recognition in Children with Autism, Down Syndrome, and Williams Syndrome
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Annaz, Dagmara; Karmiloff-Smith, Annette; Johnson, Mark H.; Thomas, Michael S. C. – Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 2009
We report a cross-syndrome comparison of the development of holistic processing in face recognition in school-aged children with developmental disorders: autism, Down syndrome, and Williams syndrome. The autism group was split into two groups: one with high-functioning children and one with low-functioning children. The latter group has rarely…
Descriptors: Mental Age, Age, Autism, Down Syndrome
Implicit Memory Is Independent from IQ and Age but Not from Etiology: Evidence from Down and Williams Syndromes
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Vicari, S.; Verucci, L.; Carlesimo, G. A. – Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 2007
Background: In the last few years, experimental data have been reported on differences in implicit memory processes of genetically distinct groups of individuals with Intellectual Disability (ID). These evidences are relevant for the more general debate on supposed asynchrony of cognitive maturation in children with abnormal brain development.…
Descriptors: Mental Age, Age, Reaction Time, Mental Retardation
Are Numerical Impairments Syndrome Specific? Evidence from Williams Syndrome and Down's Syndrome
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Paterson, Sarah J.; Girelli, Luisa; Butterworth, Brian; Karmiloff-Smith, Annette – Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2006
Background: Several theorists maintain that exact number abilities rely on language-relevant processes whereas approximate number calls on visuo-spatial skills. We chose two genetic disorders, Williams syndrome and Down's syndrome, which differ in their relative abilities in verbal versus spatial skills, to examine this hypothesis. Five…
Descriptors: Genetic Disorders, Mental Age, Age, Mental Retardation