Examines how sociopolitical context influenced two school districts to pursue reform models that centered on persistent segregation, highlighting research on black mobilization around community control of New York City schools and black support of African American immersion schools in Milwaukee. Results reveal that using all-Black settings as a…

Examined the interaction of social class and racial identity in urban school reform. Presents a case study of reform at one urban California high school which used an Afrocentric curriculum to help improve academic performance, arguing that the effort was ineffective because it failed to consider ways in which poverty influenced the identities of…

To improve urban schools, we must create a culture of success for African-American students. A multicultural education that infuses African and African-American history and culture throughout the curriculum is appropriate at this time because problems have reached such critical proportions. (SLD)