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Hartman, Paul; Machado, Emily – Reading Teacher, 2019
Despite a wealth of scholarship documenting its linguistic complexity, students in the United States are rarely encouraged to speak or write in African American Language (AAL) in their primary classrooms. The authors documented how one teacher and his highly diverse second-grade class examined, explored, and experimented with AAL in an…
Descriptors: Elementary School Students, Writing (Composition), Writing Workshops, African American Students
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Christensen, Linda – Voices from the Middle, 2011
Christensen discusses why teachers need to teach students "voice" in its social and political context, to show the intersection of voice and power, to encourage students to ask, "Whose voices get heard? Whose are marginalized?" As Christensen writes, "Once students begin to understand that Standard English is one language among many, we can help…
Descriptors: Standard Spoken Usage, Language Role, English Instruction, Student Empowerment