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Johnston, Kate; Murray, Kim; Spain, Debbie; Walker, Ian; Russell, Ailsa – Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2019
Studies of executive function (EF) in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have reported mixed findings. Possible confounds include EF domain assessed and co-occurring neurodevelopmental diagnoses. EF task performance across multiple domains and everyday function of autistic adults (n = 110) was significantly different to age- and IQ-matched controls (n…
Descriptors: Executive Function, Schemata (Cognition), Autism, Pervasive Developmental Disorders
Sasson, Noah J.; Morrison, Kerrianne E. – Autism: The International Journal of Research and Practice, 2019
A practical consideration for many intellectually able adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is whether to disclose their diagnostic status or try to mask their autistic characteristics to avoid judgment and discrimination. Here, we assessed first impressions of adults with ASD and typically developing controls (N = 40) made by typically…
Descriptors: Adults, Autism, Pervasive Developmental Disorders, Self Disclosure (Individuals)
Rutherford, Marion; Forsyth, Kirsty; McKenzie, Karen; McClure, Iain; Murray, Aja; McCartney, Deborah; Irvine, Linda; O'Hare, Anne – Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2018
This study examined waiting times for diagnostic assessment of Autism Spectrum Disorder in 11 adult services, prior to and following the implementation of a 12 month change program. Methods to support change are reported and a multi-level modelling approach determined the effect of the change program on overall wait times. Results were…
Descriptors: Program Implementation, Models, Clinical Diagnosis, Autism
Mul, Cari-lène; Stagg, Steven D.; Herbelin, Bruno; Aspell, Jane E. – Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2018
Following recent evidence for a link between interoception, emotion and empathy, we investigated relationships between these factors in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). 26 adults with ASD and 26 healthy participants completed tasks measuring interoception, alexithymia and empathy. ASD participants with alexithymia demonstrated lower cognitive and…
Descriptors: Empathy, Autism, Pervasive Developmental Disorders, Cognitive Processes
Kildahl, Arvid Nikolai; Helverschou, Sissel Berge; Bakken, Trine Lise; Oddli, Hanne Weie – Journal of Mental Health Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 2020
Introduction: Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and intellectual disability (ID) seem to be at increased risk for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), but knowledge is sparse regarding its identification in this population. Previous research indicates that certain symptoms of PTSD may be more easily recognized, and that identifying…
Descriptors: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Adults, Autism, Pervasive Developmental Disorders
Maddox, Brenna B.; Brodkin, Edward S.; Calkins, Monica E.; Shea, Kathleen; Mullan, Katherine; Hostager, Jack; Mandell, David S.; Miller, Judith S. – Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2017
The Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, Second Edition (ADOS-2), Module 4 is considered a "gold-standard" instrument for diagnosing autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in adults. Although the ADOS-2 shows good sensitivity and specificity in lab-based settings, it is unknown whether these results hold in community clinics that serve a more…
Descriptors: Diagnostic Tests, Autism, Observation, Pervasive Developmental Disorders
Huckabee, Maggie-Lee; McIntosh, Theresa; Fuller, Laura; Curry, Morgan; Thomas, Paige; Walshe, Margaret; McCague, Ellen; Battel, Irene; Nogueira, Dalia; Frank, Ulrike; van den Engel-Hoek, Lenie; Sella-Weiss, Oshrat – International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders, 2018
Background: Clinical swallowing assessment is largely limited to qualitative assessment of behavioural observations. There are limited quantitative data that can be compared with a healthy population for identification of impairment. The Test of Masticating and Swallowing Solids (TOMASS) was developed as a quantitative assessment of solid bolus…
Descriptors: Medical Evaluation, Clinical Diagnosis, Motor Reactions, Reliability
Scott, Haleigh M.; Havercamp, Susan M. – Journal of Mental Health Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 2018
Mental illness, and its assessment and treatment, is a concern for caregivers and professionals working with people with intellectual disability (ID), as well as a cause of distress and disability for people with ID. Research in this area is hindered by difficulties associated with recognizing symptoms of mental illness and tracking their changes.…
Descriptors: Comparative Analysis, Mental Health, Symptoms (Individual Disorders), Intellectual Disability
Mevissen, Liesbeth; Didden, Robert; de Jongh, Ad; Korzilius, Hubert – Journal of Mental Health Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 2020
Introduction: Persons with mild intellectual disability or borderline intellectual functioning (MID-BIF, IQ 50-85) are at high risk for the development of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). A diagnostic instrument to establish a valid and reliable DSM-5 PTSD diagnosis in adults with MID-BIF was lacking. Aim of the current study was to determine…
Descriptors: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, At Risk Persons, Mild Intellectual Disability, Clinical Diagnosis
Taylor, Julie Lounds; Smith DaWalt, Leann; Marvin, Alison R.; Law, J. Kiely; Lipkin, Paul – Autism: The International Journal of Research and Practice, 2019
This study explored sex differences in employment, reasons for unemployment, benefits, and supports among a large, international sample of adults with autism spectrum disorder. The sample included 443 adults with autism spectrum disorder (60% female; 74% residing in the United States) who consented to be part of an autism research registry and…
Descriptors: Gender Differences, Employment, Unemployment, Adults
Minga, Jamila; Johnson, Melissa; Blake, Margaret Lehman; Fromm, Davida; MacWhinney, Brian – Topics in Language Disorders, 2021
Purpose: Right hemisphere brain damage (RHD) commonly causes pragmatic language disorders that are apparent in discourse production. Specific characteristics and approaches to assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of these disorders are not well-defined. RHDBank, a shared database of multimedia interactions for the study of communication using…
Descriptors: Brain Hemisphere Functions, Databases, Pragmatics, Language Impairments
Lindsay, William R.; Steptoe, Lesley; McVicker, Ronnie; Haut, Fabian; Robertson, Colette – Journal of Mental Health Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 2018
In "DSM-5" there has been a move to dimensional personality disorder (PD) diagnosis, incorporating personality theory in the form of the five-factor model (FFM). It proposes an alternative assessment system based on diagnostic indicators and the FFM, while retaining "DSM-IV" categorical criteria. Four individuals with…
Descriptors: Clinical Diagnosis, Personality Problems, Mental Disorders, Intellectual Disability
Baker, Emma K.; Richdale, Amanda L.; Hazi, Agnes; Prendergast, Luke A. – Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2017
This study assessed melatonin levels and the dim light melatonin onset (DLMO) in adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and also investigated the relationships between melatonin and objectively measured sleep parameters. Sixteen adults with ASD (ASD-Only), 12 adults with ASD medicated for comorbid diagnoses of anxiety and/or depression…
Descriptors: Adults, Autism, Pervasive Developmental Disorders, Sleep
Kentrou, Vasiliki; de Veld, Danielle MJ; Mataw, Kawita JK; Begeer, Sander – Autism: The International Journal of Research and Practice, 2019
Phenotypic elements of autism spectrum disorder can be masked by attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms, potentially leading to a misdiagnosis or delaying an autism spectrum disorder diagnosis. This study explored differences in the age of autism spectrum disorder diagnosis between participants with previously diagnosed…
Descriptors: Autism, Pervasive Developmental Disorders, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Symptoms (Individual Disorders)
Finke, Erinn H.; Kremkow, Jennifer M. D.; Drager, Kathryn D. R.; Murillo, Angelique; Richardson, Laura; Serpentine, Elizabeth C. – Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2019
The purpose of this project was to understand the hopes of parents with children with ASD. Particularly understudied are the hopes parents have for long-term outcomes for their child. A cross-sectional focus group design was used and six focus groups were completed. These groups included parents of (1) preschool aged children who were recently…
Descriptors: Life Satisfaction, Parent Child Relationship, Parent Attitudes, Case Studies