This study aimed to assess the level of empowerment experienced by Saudi women through the vocational skills taught in educated neighbourhood programs during the COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, the research sought to determine whether there were statistically significant differences in empowerment levels based on marital status and the number of…

The need for non-formal education (NFE), which does not result in a formal degree or certificate, is substantial as labour markets often require adult workers to take an initiative in advancing their job-related skills. Yet, NFE opportunities are more often pursued by high-income and high-skilled adults than their low-income and low-skilled…

This short description contributes to better understanding of vocational education and training (VET) in Portugal, by providing insight into its distinctive features and highlighting system developments and current challenges. VET in Portugal offers a wide range of programmes, flexible in type and duration. Promoting equal opportunities and…

Non-formal education and training (NFET) programmes in public and private centres in South Africa aim to meet the training needs of adults who have been deprived of formal education which would have fostered skills acquisition and access to employment earlier in their lives. The concern which informs this paper is that adults who face long-term…

Adult community Education (ACE) is a recognisable education sector that offers accessible lifelong learning opportunities that are learner-centred and needs based. The Australian ACE scan profiles the sector in terms of its programs, features and provider types. The scan outlines ACE program participants, outcomes and the policy areas they…

The purpose of this article is to assess the course content relevance in contributing to wage- or self-employment of adult non-formal education and training (NFET) in the context of South Africa. The concern that informed this article is that adults who face long-term unemployment due to a lack of marketable skills remain unemployed after…

The Commission on International Adult Education (CIAE) of the American Association for Adult and Continuing Education (AAACE) provides a forum for the discussion of international issues related to adult education in general, as well as adult education in various countries around the globe. These papers are from the CIAE 2020 Virtual International…

Definitions, differences and relationships between formal, non-formal and informal learning have long been contentious. There has been a significant change in language and reference from adult education to what amounts to forms of learning categorised by their modes of facilitation. Nonetheless, there is currently a renewed interest in the…

The main purpose of this paper is to provide an in-depth analysis of participation in non-formal learning in different European Union member states. The paper also seeks to extend analysis of the training gap by pursuing the distinction between the supply and the demand for skills. We use aggregate data from the Adult Education Survey (Eurostat)…

The Commission on International Adult Education (CIAE) of the American Association for Adult and Continuing Education (AAACE) provides a forum for the discussion of international issues related to adult education in general, as well as adult education in various countries around the globe. The following purposes summarize the work of the…

The prime purpose of Nigeria's non-formal education programs is to prepare people for wage employment or for self-employment; some upgrade the skills of those already employed. The programs' potentials vary; most are heavily dependent upon inconsistent foreign support. A Nigerian tradition, non-formal education is viable but not a panacea.…

This manual contains guidelines for individual organizations to follow in using a matrix model to determine and monitor their needs regarding nonformal skills training. Chapter 1 provides background to the development of the matrix model and the manual in the Republic of South Africa. It discusses the matrix, an instrument focusing on groups of…

The Brazilian economy is led by the industrial sector, which accounts for 34 percent of production and employs 25 percent of the economically active population. The labor force formally employed in industry consists mainly of relatively young males with little schooling. A large number of institutions both in the regular education system and…

Delegates from six countries (Bangladesh, Korea, India, Indonesia, Thailand, and the Philippines) met in the Philippines in May-June 1979 at a UNESCO-sponsored conference to discuss development of productive skills through nonformal and alternative structures in education. The main part of the meeting was a series of reports of the nonformal…

This book studies how structural factors may contribute to determining both the volume and the composition of educational activities for adults. It then examines results or outcomes from work-related training. Part I outlines the agenda of the book. Chapter 1 introduces the metaphor of the shadow educational system, which describes an educational…