This article discusses continuing education courses and programs for specialists with college degrees in Bulgaria. (Author/RM)

Since its independence, India's emphasis on technology has created support for universities but neglected improvement of elementary and adult education, resulting in no social or economic gains for the poor and illiterate. (ND)

Elementary, secondary, and adult education programs for nomadic tribes in Iran are described. (DE)

Objectives for non-formal education and training in Africa are discussed in this article. Specific forms for out-of-school education are suggested: National youth service training; Correspondence education; and Extension, adult and continuing education programs. The problems of resource allocation for such national programs are considered. (SM)

This article examines the development and structure of the Tanzanian adult education program. National literacy, national health, worker's education, and the institute of adult education are discussed. (DE)

The problems concerning the innovative association between the university and lifelong education are examined. (Author/DE)

The author discusses secondary vocational education programs and work study programs for adults in Sweden. (Author/RM)

A film education program for secondary students in Switzerland is described, including the early failures of the program and its successful reintroduction into the schools. Suggestions are also made for media education from the primary to adult levels. (IS)