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Peer reviewedNishino, Hitoshi J.; Larson, Reed – New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development, 2003
Examines effects of school pressure on Japanese adolescents, focusing on cram schools ("juku") and extracurricular activities. Finds that adolescents experience negative emotional states in these activities. Adolescents have little residual free time, mostly spent in passive, recuperative activities, providing few opportunities for…
Descriptors: Adolescent Behavior, Adolescents, Emotional Response, Extracurricular Activities
