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Puchalska-Wasyl, Malgorzata M. – Youth & Society, 2023
The Circumplex of Identity Formation Modes (CIFM) is the latest approach designed to integrate the various concepts describing identity formation in the Erikson--Marcia tradition. The CIFM assumes the relationships between identity modes and personality traits. The process of identity formation emerges as a result of the interaction between…
Descriptors: Adolescents, Personality Traits, Identification (Psychology), Inner Speech (Subvocal)
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Dodge, Kenneth A.; Bai, Yu; Godwin, Jennifer; Lansford, Jennifer E.; Bates, John E.; Pettit, Gregory S.; Jones, Damon – Child Development, 2022
The hypothesis was tested that some children develop a defensive mindset that subsumes individual social information processing (SIP) steps, grows from early experiences, and guides long-term outcomes. In Study 1 (Fast Track [FT]), 463 age-5 children (45% girls; 43% Black) were first assessed in 1991 and followed through age 32 (83% retention). In…
Descriptors: Defense Mechanisms, Personality Traits, Emotional Response, Social Cognition