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Crystal, David S.; Killen, Melanie; Ruck, Martin D. – Applied Developmental Science, 2010
This study investigated U.S. ethnic majority and minority youth's perceptions of fair and unfair treatment by authorities and evaluations of three situations of interracial exclusion (N = 685). Findings revealed that older adolescents who reported fair treatment by authorities were more likely to perceive wrongfulness in interracial exclusion…
Descriptors: Racial Discrimination, Adolescents, Student Attitudes, Perception
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Ruck, Martin D.; Park, Henry; Killen, Melanie; Crystal, David S. – Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 2011
There is a dearth of published research on the role of intergroup contact on urban US ethnic minority children's and adolescents' evaluations of racial exclusion. The current investigation examined these issues in a sample of low-income minority 4th, 7th, and 10th grade (N = 129, 60% female) African American and Latino/a students attending…
Descriptors: Minority Group Children, Adolescents, Urban Areas, Racial Factors
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Killen, Melanie; Henning, Alexandra; Kelly, Megan Clark; Crystal, David; Ruck, Martin – International Journal of Behavioral Development, 2007
US majority (European-American) and minority (African-American, Latin-American, Asian-American) children were interviewed regarding race-based and non-race based reasons for exclusion in interracial peer contexts (N = 685), evenly divided by gender at 9, 12, and 15 years of age (4th, 7th, and 10th grades) attending 13 US public schools. All…
Descriptors: Racial Factors, Peer Relationship, Peer Influence, Social Experience