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Peer reviewedRundstrom, Robert A. – American Indian Culture and Research Journal, 1994
Describes the physical site and situation of Alcatraz Island. Discusses how the Indian occupiers of Alcatraz created a symbolic "place" by reconstructing the island's physical appearance, environmental character, social structure, and personal and collective meaning. Examines the role of placemaking in the island education of occupiers'…
Descriptors: Activism, American Indians, Group Unity, Identification (Psychology)
Peer reviewedMarable, Manning – Journal of Ethnic Studies, 1979
This review of literature dealing with Black political activism suggests that most of the political ideas generated within the Civil Rights movement are not original; these ideas are merely restatements of previous traditions of Black political activism in the United States. (Author/EB)
Descriptors: Activism, Black Achievement, Black History, Black Literature
Peer reviewedKazin, Michael; Ross, Steven J. – Journal of American History, 1992
Describes the history of Labor Day and its development from social movement to casual holiday. Emphasizes the inherent conflict in trying to arouse positive public opinion while providing organization for workers. Focuses on celebrations in New York (NY), San Francisco (CA), Los Angeles (CA), and Atlanta (GA). Divides the historical development…
Descriptors: Activism, Capitalism, Holidays, Immigrants
