Globalisation and policy transfer in education make it incumbent upon decision makers to prioritise among competing policy options, select policy initiatives that are appropriate for their national contexts, and understand how system-specific factors moderate the relationship between those policies and student outcomes. This study used qualitative…

PIRLS (Progress in International Reading Literacy Study) is the fourth assessment in the current trend series, following PIRLS 2001, 2006, and 2011. There were 61 participants in PIRLS 2016, including 50 countries and 11 benchmarking entities (e.g., regions of countries as well as additional grades or language groups from the participating…

Compares elementary and secondary schools in the Netherlands with respect to the consistency of achievement scores across subjects at individual and school levels. The analysis shows less consistency at the student level within schools. At the school level, consistency appears lower in secondary education. (SLD)

Recently, L. Zeng and M. J. Kolen (1995) have introduced item response theory (IRT) observed score (OS) equating of number-correct (NC) scores for equating different forms of a test. In this paper, IRT-OS-NC equating is adapted to equating the cut-off scores of examinations. Next, the differences between results obtained using a Rasch model for…