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Direct linkMcIntosh, James – European Education, 2019
This article examines whether the way that PISA models item outcomes in mathematics affects the validity of its country rankings. As an alternative to PISA methodology, a two-parameter logistic model is applied to PISA mathematics item data from Italy and Spain for the year 2009. In the estimation procedure, item difficulty and dispersion…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Achievement Tests, International Assessment, Secondary School Students
