Almost all academic skills deficits can be conceptualized as learning rate problems as students are not failing to learn, but not learning rapidly enough. Thus, when selecting among various possible remedial procedures, educators need an evidence base that indicates which procedure results in the greatest increases in learning rates. Previous…

This study was undertaken to assess the accuracy of principals' judgments of the effectiveness of the teachers they supervise. Each of 46 principals was asked to fill out a brief form judging the overall effectiveness of each of the teachers in his or her school. The form asked how effective the teacher was in performing three roles: (1) promoting…

In 1977 the Dallas Independent School District devised a 5-year state-mandated improvement plan for increasing student test scores in priority goal areas. This paper describes the planning process as it evolved, the problems faced by large districts, and the 5-year student achievement results. The original plan contained eight priority goal areas,…

In the period 1983 to 1986, the International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement (IEA) undertook a study of science achievement in 24 countries at three levels in each school system: the 10-year-old level, typically grade 4 or 5; the 14-year-old level, typically grade 8 or 9; and the final year of secondary school, typically…

A variety of methods are used by the Austin (Texas) Independent School District to report the results of student achievement testing. These techniques were developed to alleviate some of the problems that occurred previously: (1) a school's average score represents very few of its students because large numbers of students score very high or very…

Rasch methodology facilitates effective achievement comparisons to meet evaluation needs at the district, school, classroom, and individual levels. The five-year District Gains Graph developed by the Portland (Oregon) Public Schools charts fall-to-spring achievement gains in basic skills for Grades 3-8, as measured by the Portland Achievement…

South Carolina's School Incentive Reward Program Program (SIRP) based on year-to-year gains in reading and mathematics achievement, which seemed to have face validity, was evaluated, particularly its use of the relative gains of students in only the highest grade in the school as the basis for the awards. When this requirement was relaxed so that…