Although the Nisei ethnic group experienced much residential dispersal, members have not been absorbed into the majority group society, largely because of their tendency to maintain Japanese interpersonal style rather than accept the style of the United States. A primary cause of the Nisei's style is their expression of their subjective self. (VM)

Discusses findings suggesting that three generations of Honolulu Japanese-Americans are less ethnically identified than their Seattle counterparts. (JM)

This essay on the psychological costs and profits of biculturalism attempts to clear away some of the confusion surrounding the concept of "ethnic identity" as it is applied to Americans of Japanese ancestry; and to suggest ways in which it might be used effectively--both in psychocultural research and in public education. In the course of a…

While an individual in his own culture is expected to have a stable self concept, one who is placed in a totally different context may experience difficulties because ideas about self in the old society are no longer appropriate in the new one. In order to survive, the individual has to redefine his self concept to make it more functional in the…

Interviews with Japanese American women revealed that they developed an Asian American identity by resolving initial identity conflicts, and that the process occurred in five stages. In the first stage, the individuals' interaction with family and friends led to ethnic awareness, or a consciousness of their Japanese descent. In the second stage,…