Few claims for negligence or misrepresentation against higher education have been sustained, but several important cases in lower education have provided a framework for future litigation. It is noted that the students ultimately lost, but educators should not be lulled. The development of a new tort such as educational malpractice takes years.…

Student-customers' demands and taxpayer-patrons' directives press for postsecondary education for all. Traditional, "new," and adult students all want a curriculum relevant to their own needs, in a setting of physical flexibility that guarantees access, and it is up to trustees to respond. (Editor/LBH)

Four new doctrines have gained currency: that higher education is a privilege not a right; contract (between student and college); the fiduciary doctrine, placing the burden on the institution of demonstrating that its actions are sound; and the doctrine of constitutional rights, now extending to student-teacher dealings. (Author/LBH)