This essay on the necessity of colleges and universities to become truly inclusive institutions focuses on particular issues affecting black students. These include the concept and policy of affirmative action, the dangerous implications of "hate speech," and the exploitation of black athletes by universities. The essay urges the use of…

This course supplies an historical overview of forces and factors which have led to changes in African educational philosophy and planning. Most landmarks in African education have been established by some important international conferences on education (held in developing nations), a number of which are discussed in the course. The course is…

The importance of developing culturally specific tests for black children is addressed, along with the overall issue of whether a criterion used to discriminate among groups is valid for the population for which it is used. In addition, a brief historical review illustrates accessibility to full participation of citizens and noncitizens of early…

Access to higher education in Western industrialized countries in the 1960s and 1970s and structural policies are reviewed, along with policies on institutional patterns in the Federal Republic of Germany and the outcomes of the policies. Higher education policy in almost all Western industrial societies neither expanded in response to the…

Costa Rican education, although fairly successful compared to other Third World or Latin American countries, has serious problems needing action, including (1) large discrepancies between educational ideals and the realities of urban privilege, with regard to access and quality, and (2) a rote, narrow, superficial, impractical education. Other…

Focusing on lifelong learning and its relevance and importance to American education, this yearbook examines goals, obstacles, and suggested approaches. The first two of three parts are presented in an expressionistic style--a collage of musings, vignettes, and headlines intended to raise questions and reflect the diversity of views in our…

The transformation of American college life since World War II is traced by a university president who participated in the process at both Lawrence College (1944 to 1953) and Harvard University (1953 to 1971). Some of the crucial changes in university education during that period are discussed, including: its increasing availability to a far…

Theories and data are examined concerning the rapid spread of the public school system across the United States during the nineteenth century. In the first part of the report the authors review and criticize current interpretations of the development of public education. According to these theories public schooling arose from the class conflicts…

Three conference papers on American higher education are presented. The first article, "The College in American Education," by Henry Steele Commager, examines the history of American higher education, identifies its major characteristics and how things are changing, and suggests some agenda items for the future. The second article,…

A survey of literature on adult learning and learners conducted for Palau Community College (PCC), Koror, Palau, found a lack of literature specific to the United States-affiliated Pacific region. Background information was compiled on development of formal education in Palau. A survey was administered in fall 2001 to adult learners working toward…

This article describes federal initiatives to support preparation of regular educators to serve students with disabilities through the eras of mainstreaming, the Regular Education Initiative, inclusion, and promoting access to the general education curriculum. Trends in the number of personnel preparation projects that support preparation of…

Results of student surveys at an Indian university, conducted in 1964 and 1989, are compared. Survey questions addressed parental educational background and occupation, education among women in the family, language of schooling (Hindi or English), ease with which educational expenses are met, student aspirations, political attitudes, housing, and…

Discusses the initial integration of African American scholars into U.S. higher educational institutions after World War II. Concludes that the practices of the post-World War II era placed a badge of inferiority on African American scholars at traditionally white universities that continues today. (CFR)

Reviews the multicultural perspectives that have operated in early childhood education in Australia, involving sociocultural issues, maintenance and development of the mother tongue, and development of English as a Second Language. The challenges of equality of opportunity regardless of differences in cultural or linguistic backgrounds are…

The world is becoming a global village and within many professions, including physical education and sport, individuals have multiple opportunities to work and socialize with people from different ethnic backgrounds, cultures, lifestyles, religions, etc. Due to the increasing cultural diversity, it is important for physical education and sport…