Supports a theory linking social structure with human agencies, and claims critics prefer a structural account not based on individual actors shaped by key institutions. Refutes Francisco Ramirez's theory that the state is the key actor. Contends that the institutionalist approach deflects attention from class, ethnicity, and racial basis of…

Characterizes the school attendance of African Americans in rural Cass County (Michigan) prior to and following the Civil War. Before the war a substantial difference between the races existed in school enrollment, but in the 1860s and 1870s, African American school enrollment rose, superseding that of whites by the 1880s. (SLD)

Profiles Margery Jacoby, a typical teacher at the turn of the century in western frontier, who secured a teaching certificate by examination at 15, took summer college courses, and was elected county superintendent at 23. Discusses women's access to higher education and administrative positions in the frontier west, teaching conditions, and…

Reviews literature on the history of women in higher education in the United States, focusing on colleges for women (specifically Bryn Mawr and Wellesley) in comparison with each other and coeducational colleges (specifically Oberlin and the University of Michigan). Discusses women's access at the community college level. (DMM)

Describes the 12 Community-Technical Colleges of Connecticut, their governance and finances, and their mission to make educational excellence and the opportunity for lifelong learning affordable and accessible to all Connecticut citizens. States that the system supports the economic growth of the state and its citizens through programs that supply…

Higher education reform in Mexico since World War II is examined at both the institutional and national level. Changes have included updating the curriculum; overhauling administrative, managerial, and planning mechanisms; changing the components of the system; shifting the territorial distribution of access to education; and revising resource…

This article presents an outline history of early childhood programs for indigenous children through a comparative study of initiatives in three countries--Canada, Australia and New Zealand--with the aim being to identify common and distinct developments in the three nations. Formal early childhood education programs for indigenous children based…

There was a major change in Canadian student aid in the late 1990s, due largely to a package of measures adopted by the Government Canada as part of its "Canada Opportunities Strategy". At the time, what aroused the most comment was the creation in 1998 of the $2.5 billion Canada Millennium Scholarship Foundation (Foundation). But while…

Current policy and programme considerations of the role of the private sector in the promotion of schooling reform and the achievement of Education For All encompass a somewhat narrow arena of debate. Discussion of the relative merits of private / state schools remain based on measurable, yet partial, markers of efficiency and effectiveness.…

Excerpts from 34 documents and commentary concerning U.S. education in the twentieth century are presented. Each document represents a landmark in the development of American education. Perspectives are also provided on conditions and dilemmas still being addressed by educators today. Among the issues covered are minority education, the Depression…

The changes that small liberal arts colleges have undergone are discussed in this monograph in terms of their past, present, and future roles in society. The first section looks at these colleges in the colonial context and shows how they were altered by specialization, secularization, the rise of science and empirical research, and by an…

We need conceptual assistance in thinking about access to higher education, systematic categories that will help us analyze and compare the national academic structures that condition problems of access and solutions thereto. An approach that centers on basic structure directs attention to the heavy historical momentum of massive systems of higher…

The results of a study of the affirmative action effort in higher education systems is summarized in three parts. Part I, which consists of the first four chapters of this book, presents the results of a historical analysis of the efforts of blacks to obtain an education, examines the extent to which equal opportunity has existed in the higher…

Examines the extent to which the schooling experiences of working class girls and boys differed between 1800 and 1870. Focuses on the most apparent differences, such as access to schooling, curriculum, and standards of achievement. (GEA)

Analysis of interviews with 750 Navajos and Pueblos from 1967 to 1972 reveals several themes concerning Indian education: the boarding school versus the day school; the problems of learning English; the problem of getting a quality education and adequate teachers; and the family's involvement in the educational process. (NEC)