Advent of digital technologies and open learning spaces have superbly influenced higher education worldwide both in the formal and open universities. Open education is emerged as contemporary approach to learning and teaching. Teachers' professional development in open education is a recognized and stimulating research area. MOOCs are innovative…

Inclusion has traditionally been conceptualised as integrating children into the formal schooling system. Recent research conducted in South Asia, however, adds to evidence that the huge number of children out of school and the diversity of their needs can only be met by a diversity of provision, formal and non-formal; that because many state…