This study aimed to examine students' online satisfaction in the context of emergency remote teaching. The research was carried out in a concurrent triangulation design from the mixed method. The quantitative data of the study were collected from 2663 students studying at different faculties/schools of a state university in Turkey in the fall…

Remote learning has long existed as a learning modality in the education sector, where it has been seen more as an alternative option for receiving education rather than a common learning modality until the entrance of a global pandemic -- COVID-19, also known as the coronavirus -- that hit the world by surprise in late 2019. This study was…

Remote learning has long existed as a learning modality in the education sector, where it has been seen more as an alternative option for receiving education rather than a common learning modality until the entrance of a global pandemic -- COVID-19, also known as the coronavirus -- that hit the world by surprise in late 2019. This study was…

In this article, we offer and test a nonsurvey-based method to characterize learner emotions. Our method, instead of using surveys, uses logs of learner behaviors in learning management systems (LMS) to reason about the emotional state of the e-learner. We use the control value theory (CVT) as the theoretical base of measuring emotions. Using this…

More social presence in online learning environment was seen to be one of the important predictors of students' academic performance. However, patterns of students' Online Social Presence (OSP) when using social networking tools for learning has not been widely discussed in previous studies. Therefore, this study was aimed to investigate the…

Synchronous education is being integrated at various levels and capacities in distance education offering learners and facilitators a virtual web-conferencing environment where, although they may be geographically separated, they are afforded the flexibility of being virtually present in a shared real-time space. This research aims to reflect on…

Universities, significantly impacted by the shift to online learning during pandemic, must critically evaluate their teaching methods and outcomes to enhance performance in the post-pandemic era. However, there has been a limited examination of whether students achieved comparable levels in cognition and social interaction during the pandemic…

A smart learning environment (SLE) encompasses the use of advanced technology and smart pedagogical teaching skills tailored to suit students with diverse learning needs. In recent years, some countries, such as the United Arab Emirates (UAE), have formulated policies to implement SLE in their education systems. Since students are the intended…

Increasingly, nontraditional students (over age 25, employed, parenting) are enrolling in universities offering online options. Online programs appeal to those needing flexible educational options, yet attrition remains high for adult learners and students enrolled in online education. Building on previous research, this study examines…

In recent years, automated feedback (AF) has greatly increased its applicability as a mean to support development of English as a foreign language (EFL) learners' writing competence in the context of face-to-face education. This study examines contribution of AF to the development of writing competence of EFL learners in open and distance learning…

During the COVID-19 pandemic period of almost two years, online teaching was adopted by Higher Educational Institutes (HEIs) mostly as an emergency measure to maintain endurance in teaching-learning activities in academics. Although a lot of research works have focussed on the teaching-learning strategies deployed during the pandemic period, the…

In this study, we analyze undergraduate student responses in 1,364 surveys to better understand student reactions to online proctoring. We present findings regarding two aspects of student reactions to online proctoring: First, we assess whether students believe that the act of cheating in online exams diminishes the legitimacy of their courses;…

Through the guidance of social presence theory, this study sought to understand how instructors' affirming messages and social presence behaviors affect students' writing apprehension in online business communication courses. The data were consistent with two models, both of which indicate that instructor affirming messages indirectly affect…

This study aims to identify the effectiveness of e-project-based learning (e-PBL) in improving the academic achievement and learning motivation of female students of special education. A card for evaluating e-projects, an achievement test, a motivation measure, and a measure of attitudes toward e-PBL were administered to a sample of all 38…

We present a case study that demonstrates how instructors can intentionally design a positive motivational climate in online and hybrid courses. We also examine the extent to which students' perceptions of the motivational climate predict their effort and achievement across three different modalities (face-to-face [FTF], online, and hybrid) of the…