The line between gender and sex has become increasingly muddled in literature. Tensions surrounding this topic are ever-increasing and definitions of the two are rarely consistent. For improving conceptual clarity, we adopted the Social Role Theory to explore how these two terms differ and relate by laying out a cyclical framework of biological,…

This study was an action research analysis of a competitive, after-school robotics program in the Woodland Hills School District. A longitudinal quantitative analysis was used to measure the effects of the after-school program on academic achievement and student engagement in school. Grade Point Average was measured before the program began and…

Completion of higher-level mathematics courses in secondary school is advantageous for success in many university-level science, technology, engineering and mathematics courses. Based on survey data from 942 Year 10 students from Western Australia, the Year 11 mathematics course choices made by girls and boys were compared. Findings indicated that…

This study hypothesized whether the gender group composition in traditional learning (TL) versus collaborative learning (CL) classrooms of undergraduate biology majors and nonmajors correlate with students' achievements. We measured the effect on gender and the gender-specific achievements of the TL versus CL approach in single-gender and…

What motivates students to achieve is a question that educators, parents, and policy makers in every country seek to answer. A scientific understanding of this question can help us design interventions that foster student achievement and unleash the potential of all members of society, regardless of their economic, racial/ethnic, and cultural…

This study investigated the impact of gender on the sources of students' self-efficacy in Mathematics in Tanzanian secondary schools. Data were collected from 267 Form 3 (Grade 11) students sampled from three public secondary schools in Dar es Salaam region. A previously validated questionnaire scale was used for measuring the sources of students'…

Masculine ideology and adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with student risk behaviors. With data from a sample of eighth-grade students, this study used hierarchical linear regression to examine the relationships between household ACEs, masculine ideology, and teacher-reported student risk behaviors. Results indicated that…

The shortage of STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) professionals worldwide calls for research to identify social forces that can foster student career interest in this domain. In this study, we examined the underlying structure of middle school student STEM career interest and the role of their parents' STEM-specific…

General chemistry is a foundational course that most STEM students are required to take at some point in their academic careers, as such, thousands of students find themselves in a chemistry classroom every year. Students come into the classroom not only from different academic backgrounds but also from a variety of social and emotional…

In many Western countries, women are more likely to study abroad than men. At present, there is a lack of theory-guided empirical studies searching explanations for this pattern. We address this research gap by examining gender differences in study abroad intent among first-semester students in Germany. To derive a comprehensive theoretical…

Existing research has identified gender as a driving variable of student success in higher education: women attend college at a higher rate and are also more successful than their male peers. We build on the extant literature by asking whether specific cognitive variables (i.e., self-efficacy and causal attribution habits) distinguish male and…

The use of the innovative technologies, in particular virtual and augmented reality technologies, can have a significant impact on the training of future doctors. The sample set of the experiment consisted of 211 students from I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University. The students were divided into 4 age groups: full-time students of…

In this chapter, I consider how and why gender continues to impact motivation, task engagement, self-regulation, and educational aspirations, choices, and outcomes among both boys and girls. How can motivation theory and research contribute to understanding gender differences in achievement at school, where girls now tend to do better than boys,…

The aim of this study is to determine the dropout risk levels of secondary school students and to contribute to the literature by making suggestions to researchers according to the results obtained. For this reason, the research was carried out using the mixed method. For this purpose, the School Dropout Risk Scale was prepared by quantitative…

In the United States, there is a common stereotype associating brilliance with men. This gender brilliance stereotype emerges early and may undermine women's engagement in many prestigious careers. However, past research on its acquisition has focused almost exclusively on American children's beliefs of White people's intellectual talents.…