The National Mathematics Advisory Panel was established within the Department of Education as part of the President's "American Competitiveness Initiative" through Executive Order 13398, April 18, 2006. This document fulfills the obligation of that order to issue a Preliminary Report no later than January 31, 2007. The Panel chose to divide into task groups focused on detailed examination of particular areas relevant to the Executive Order and other areas of inquiry. The full range of issues will be covered in a phased process, with new efforts being undertaken as earlier issues are completed. The four task groups that have been active in this phase all deal with critical elements of mathematics education: (1) Learning Processes; (2) Conceptual Knowledge and Skills; (3) Instructional Practices and Materials; and (4) Teachers and Teacher Education. In addition, the Panel created two subcommittees to address: (a) the development of a stated approach concerning standards of evidence; and (b) a plan for a survey of teachers in the field. At the time this report was accepted, progress was described as follows: (1) All four task groups are currently engaged in their tasks, and are in the process of examining relevant literature and materials: it is premature for the Panel to convey major findings and conclusions at this time; (2) Subcommittee on Standards of Evidence has made progress toward a guide for use by the task groups as they address their issues and the pertinent evidence; methodological principles and details will be refined as members use them in reviews of the research; and (3) Subcommittee on the Survey of Teachers has developed goals for the planned survey. As the present agenda unfolds, the Panel expects to take up parts of the President's charge that cannot be covered with the current task groups. Appendixes include: (1) Presidential Executive Order; and (2) Panel Meetings.