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Rury, John L.; Belew, Ryan; Hurst, Jennifer – Teachers College Record, 2022
Background and Context: Statewide test-based accountability in the United States began with minimum competency assessments in public schools during the 1970s, starting in Florida and other Southern states. Controversies over IQ (intelligence quotient) testing contributed to the development of "criterion-referenced" exams that became the…
Descriptors: Educational History, Achievement Tests, Accountability, Standardized Tests
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Hutt, Ethan – Teachers College Record, 2014
Background/Context:Policy discussions in the U.S. and abroad have become increasingly studded with reference to the results of international tests like PISA. Unlike most assessments, PISA is not designed to measure whether students have mastered a particular school curriculum but rather provide a measure of students' ability to meet future…
Descriptors: High School Equivalency Programs, Educational History, Accountability, Standardized Tests