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Direct linkRury, John L.; Belew, Ryan; Hurst, Jennifer – Teachers College Record, 2022
Background and Context: Statewide test-based accountability in the United States began with minimum competency assessments in public schools during the 1970s, starting in Florida and other Southern states. Controversies over IQ (intelligence quotient) testing contributed to the development of "criterion-referenced" exams that became the…
Descriptors: Educational History, Achievement Tests, Accountability, Standardized Tests
Dougherty, Kevin J.; Natow, Rebecca S.; Bork, Rachel Hare; Jones, Sosanya M.; Vega, Blanca E. – Teachers College Record, 2013
Background/Context: Performance funding finances public higher education institutions based on outcomes such as retention, course and degree completion, and job placement rather than inputs such as enrollments. One of the mysteries of state performance funding for higher education is that despite great interest in it for over 30 years, only half…
Descriptors: Higher Education, Politics of Education, State Aid, Funding Formulas
