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Direct linkWills, John S.; Sandholtz, Judith Haymore – Teachers College Record, 2009
Background/Context: In response to state-level test-based accountability and the federal No Child Left Behind Act, school administrators increasingly view centralized curriculum and prescribed instructional strategies as the most direct means of increasing student performance. This movement toward standardization reduces teachers' autonomy and…
Descriptors: Educational Strategies, Professional Autonomy, Federal Legislation, Observation
Wills, John S. – Teachers College Record, 2007
Background/Context: Recent research indicates that social studies is being "squeezed" from the elementary curriculum as instructional time is shifted to language arts and mathematics in response to state testing and the federal No Child Left Behind Act, especially in schools serving poor students and students of color. However, less is…
Descriptors: Federal Legislation, Language Arts, Social Studies, Classroom Observation Techniques
