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Direct linkRury, John L.; Belew, Ryan; Hurst, Jennifer – Teachers College Record, 2022
Background and Context: Statewide test-based accountability in the United States began with minimum competency assessments in public schools during the 1970s, starting in Florida and other Southern states. Controversies over IQ (intelligence quotient) testing contributed to the development of "criterion-referenced" exams that became the…
Descriptors: Educational History, Achievement Tests, Accountability, Standardized Tests
