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Arnstine, Donald; McDowell, Judith A. – Teacher Education Quarterly, 1993
Teachers' merit pay and students' grades depend on valid evaluations and are functions of many factors besides the quality of work being evaluated. If individual merit cannot be validly determined as a basis for rewards, then there is not a fair system of merit rewards for teachers and students. (SM)
Descriptors: Elementary Secondary Education, Evaluation Methods, Grades (Scholastic), Grading