Spanish and English versions of an oral proficiency test were administered to Spanish-surnamed pupils at grade levels K, one, three and five in a bilingual education program. The results indicated that achievement in English appears to be unrelated to the maintenance of Spanish for bilingual children. (Author/ND)

In a discussion of the limitations of reading tests to assess literacy, Street's "autonomous model of literacy" is critiqued and an alternative approach, described as a pragmatic model, is proposed. The alternative approach reflects the social dimension of literacy activities and views reading and writing as inseparable. (32 references) (Author/LB)

The paper discusses the details of a Navajo-English bilingual program: the current bilingual curriculum, the roles of the Navajo and the English language teachers, the problems of teacher training and materials development, the effect on the students' cognitive and affective development, community participation, and results on standardized tests.…