Maintains that teachers in the intermediate grades can motivate students to read biographies in a way that develops critical thinking. Describes a composite strategy that combines high expectations, teacher guidance, and student interaction. Teaching tips include a step-by-step preparation process and a format for group activities. (MJP)

Argues that fiction, poetry, and music can make history come alive for high school students. Outlines a number of activities that use an interdisciplinary and thematic approach. "Riders to the Sea," captures the pathos of Ireland while the Doors'"Riders on the Storm" reflects the ambience of the play. (MJP)

Provides a mosaic of teachers' opinions on teaching literacy through social studies. All of the teachers interviewed felt a strong responsibility for improving their students' reading skills. Many of them revealed specific approaches and strategies for accomplishing this. (MJP)

Describes a series of activities designed to teach the content of social studies as well as promote literacy. Most of the activities involve establishing definitions and connections between vocabulary words and key concepts, places, and dates. Includes an exercise using key words and questions to study imperialism and India. (MJP)

Maintains that the rich and interesting subject matter of social studies makes it a natural complement to literacy programs. Briefly describes instructional strategies for literacy and discusses how these can be used in conjunction with the "History-Social Science Framework for California Public Schools." (MJP)

Outlines the instructional strategies that overcame the language difficulties of a Hispanic/Anglo third grade social studies class. The class focused on local history in Pasadena, California which required competence in both Spanish and English. Includes instructional materials, graphic organizers, and guidelines for further units. (MJP)

Demonstrates how reading, and creative thinking can increase literacy and create historical empathy in a sixth-grade class. The centerpiece of the class on ancient civilizations is an adaptation of "Antigone," by Sophocles. Recommends the use of dramatic literature because of its ability to engage and transform students' thinking. (MJP)

Provides a quick and personal overview of the trends in education and literacy over the last 25 years. Outlines a teaching strategy that has borrowed something from each of the trends. The approach combines cooperative learning with interdisciplinary language arts stations and social studies. (MJP)

Recommends using primary source documents in middle school history instruction and examines several strategies for making them more accessible. Describes a course on 17th-century social reformers that utilized paraphrasing of the historical language used in primary documents followed by focus questions and class discussion. (MJP)

Shows how the library/media resource center can become the centerpiece for active social studies learning in the middle grades. Briefly outlines a program beginning with an introduction to the library, followed by some rudimentary bibliographic instruction, culminating in group and individual projects. (MJP)