This study was designed to explore preservice elementary teacher understanding of The First Amendment and religious freedom in public schools in the Southeastern United States. Participants of the study were 160 preservice elementary teachers enrolled in the teacher preparation programs of 3 universities across 2 states located in a region commonly referred to as the "Bible Belt." Data was collected via an electronic survey containing questions and scenarios requiring short responses, and field notes were recorded during class discussions of the topic. Results indicated that preservice elementary teachers possessed some basic understanding of The First Amendment and that public educators are acting government agents of the state. Yet, they demonstrated a dearth in understanding of their professional duties in accordance with this law, specifically with regards to the Establishment Clause.