Social characteristics that differ by place of residence are consequential for health. To study implications of this among older adults in rural vs. urban China, this study employs data from the Beijing municipality, a region that has witnessed growth and gaps in development. Life and active life expectancy is assessed using a multistate life…

Despite having higher poverty rates, higher unemployment, and lower educational attainment, rural counties have lower welfare participation rates than urban counties. Analysis of all U.S. counties indicates that population density is a major factor linking to high welfare participation. Contains 30 references. (SV)

Students living in inner city and rural areas of the United States exhibit lower educational achievement and a higher likelihood of dropping out of high school than do their suburban counterparts. Educational research and policy has tended to neglect these inequalities or, at best, focus on one type but not the other. In this article, we integrate…

Prior research has shown that individuals living in the South express significantly less tolerant attitudes than the rest of the nation, while individuals residing in urban areas express significantly more tolerant attitudes than their rural peers. The authors seek to explain these generally unspecified Southern and urban effects by identifying…

Examines existing models of income inequality that include the following factors: (1) access to education; (2) foreign capital exacerbating income inequality; and (3) political democracy. Hypothesizes, based on ecological-evolutionary theory, that agricultural density has a robust, negative influence on income inequality. (KS)

This paper examines the patterns of entry into self-employment in urban and rural China and across different reform stages, focusing on how communist cadres have responded to new market opportunities. Analysis of data from a national representative survey shows that both education and cadre status deter people from entry into self-employment in…

Multivariate hazards regression analysis of data from the 1979-85 National Longitudinal Mortality Study provided mixed results concerning the social integration hypothesis of suicide. Among white males, divorced or separated men and those living alone had significantly higher risks of suicide mortality, but single and widowed men did not have…

Compares family resources per child across racial and ethnic groups in 1940 and 1950. Finds that economic differences among children of European ancestry were minor compared to the gap between Whites and non-Whites (or Mexican-Americans), primarily related to differences in income of household head. Contains 21 references. (SV)

Analysis of 1980 census data reveals the existence for black males of a pervasive disadvantage in employment that does not vary greatly by region or between central city and suburban or rural areas. In contrast, the employment of Hispanic males is often quite close to that of whites, after controlling for basic demographics. Includes statistical…

Uses national longitudinal survey data to compare the impact of status characteristics important during work careers (race, residence, education, occupation) on men's economic outcomes before and after the normal age of eligibility for retirement benefits. Results generally (but not completely) support the argument that determinants of income…

Analysis of data from national surveys of majority ethnic groups in Romania and Bulgaria examined the effects on tolerance toward minority groups of education, community ethnic composition, urbanism, age, gender, perceived threat to national security from the minority group's homeland, democratic values, and prevailing political ideology. Contains…

Analysis of data on 3,277 children in the Children of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth dataset examined effects on children's mental health of family poverty and 3 residential characteristics (urbanicity, neighborhood poverty, and neighborhood racial homogeneity). Poverty negatively affected children's mental health overall, while…