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Anisa; Widodo, Ari; Riandi; Muslim – Science & Education, 2023
The purpose of this study is to develop a framework for analyzing classroom argumentation that includes a process of rebutting. A most commonly used framework to analyze argumentĀ in science education is Toulmin's Argumentation Pattern. It is useful for analyzing argumentation but it cannot represent the complexity of students' rebuttals during…
Descriptors: High School Students, Grade 12, Science Education, Persuasive Discourse